Renderings
How traditions write the name
Translators have handled the name in five broad ways: a reading substitute, a Greek transcription, a title such as “Lord”, a vocalized form of the Jehovah type, or a reconstructed form of the Yahweh type. Each lane below is one strategy, plotted by date.
Lanes are translation strategies, not evidence tiers, so they are drawn in neutral ink. Dates mark first publication or the manuscript era.
All renderings
Add a renderingVerification status. Most rows are an editorial seed: widely documented facts about each edition that still need a cited source in the corpus. Rows linked to a corpus record or claim say so. Help by attaching a citation.
| Work | Date | Language | Rendering | Strategy | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masoretic reading tradition Jewish | Tiberian pointing, c. 9th–10th c. CE manuscripts | Hebrew | יְהוָה Adonai (read); יְהוָה (written) Written consonants retained; reader substitutes Adonai (qere perpetuum). See claim C07. | Reading tradition | Linked claim |
| 4Q120 (pap4QLXXLevb) Jewish Greek | 1st c. BCE | Greek | ΙΑΩ Iaō Greek letters with explicit vowels. See artifact A-4Q120. | Greek transcription | Linked record |
| Septuagint (Christian-era codices) Greek Christian transmission | 4th c. CE great codices | Greek | Κύριος Kyrios (“Lord”) Title substitution; earlier Jewish Greek manuscripts show other practices: ΙΑΩ, paleo-Hebrew letters, and square Aramaic script (e.g. P.Fouad 266). | Title substitution | Citation pending |
| Peshitta Syriac Christian | c. 2nd–3rd c. CE (OT translation) | Syriac | ܡܪܝܐ Marya (“Lord”) | Title substitution | Citation pending |
| Vulgate (Jerome) Latin Christian | c. 382–405 CE | Latin | Dominus Dominus (“Lord”) | Title substitution | Citation pending |
| Tyndale Pentateuch English Protestant | 1530 | English | Iehouah Iehouah (e.g. Exod 6:3); LORDE elsewhere Early English use of a vocalized form in select verses. | Vocalized form (Jehovah-type) | Citation pending |
| Luther Bible German Protestant | 1534 complete Bible | German | HERR HERR Capitals mark the divine name. | Title substitution | Citation pending |
| King James Version English Protestant | 1611 | English | LORD LORD; JEHOVAH in 4 verses Small capitals mark the divine name; JEHOVAH at Exod 6:3, Ps 83:18, Isa 12:2, 26:4, and in compound place names (Gen 22:14, Exod 17:15, Judg 6:24). | Title substitution | Citation pending |
| Van Dyck Arabic Bible Arabic Protestant | 1865 | Arabic | الرب ar-Rabb (“the Lord”) | Title substitution | Citation pending |
| American Standard Version English Protestant | 1901 | English | Jehovah Jehovah Used throughout the Old Testament. | Vocalized form (Jehovah-type) | Citation pending |
| Louis Segond (1910 revision) French Protestant | OT 1874; complete Bible 1880; revised 1910 | French | l’Éternel l’Éternel (“the Eternal”) | Title substitution | Citation pending |
| JPS Tanakh Jewish | 1917 | English | LORD LORD | Title substitution | Citation pending |
| Chinese Union Version Chinese Protestant | 1919 | Chinese | 耶和華 Yēhéhuá Printed in traditional characters (simplified: 耶和华). Transliteration of a Jehovah-type form. | Vocalized form (Jehovah-type) | Citation pending |
| Revised Standard Version English ecumenical | 1952 | English | LORD LORD Preface explains departure from the ASV's Jehovah. | Title substitution | Citation pending |
| New World Translation Jehovah’s Witnesses | complete 1961; rev. 2013 | English | Jehovah Jehovah Also inserted in parts of the New Testament. | Vocalized form (Jehovah-type) | Citation pending |
| Reina-Valera 1960 Spanish Protestant | 1960 revision | Spanish | Jehová Jehová | Vocalized form (Jehovah-type) | Citation pending |
| Jerusalem Bible Catholic | 1966 | English | Yahweh Yahweh Later Catholic guidance (2008) discouraged vocalizing the name in liturgy. | Reconstructed form (Yahweh-type) | Citation pending |
| World English Bible English (public domain) | c. 2000 | English | Yahweh Yahweh | Reconstructed form (Yahweh-type) | Citation pending |
| Legacy Standard Bible English Protestant | 2021 | English | Yahweh Yahweh | Reconstructed form (Yahweh-type) | Citation pending |