Corpus browser
The whole corpus, filterable
Search in any script. יהו, ΙΑΩ, “yhw” and “iao” all match. Narrow by record type or evidence tier.
Tier
Soleb Shasu-land listc. 1390–1352 BCE · Soleb, Sudan Artifact Amarah West Shasu-land listc. 1279–1213 BCE · Amarah West, Sudan Artifact Mesha Stele, AO 5066c. 850–805 BCE · Dhiban/Dibon, Moab יהוה Artifact Kuntillet ʿAjrud inscriptionsc. 820–740 BCE · Kuntillet ʿAjrud, Sinai יהוה Artifact Ketef Hinnom silver amuletsc. 650–580 BCE · Jerusalem יהוה Artifact Arad Ostracon 18c. 600–580 BCE · Tel Arad, Judah יהוה Artifact Lachish Letter 2c. 590–585 BCE · Tel Lachish, Judah יהוה Artifact Lachish Letter 3c. 590–585 BCE · Tel Lachish, Judah יהוה Artifact Elephantine documentary papyrus, TAD D.4.9c. 500–400 BCE · Elephantine, Egypt יהו Artifact Elephantine temple assessment, TAD C.3.15c. 500–400 BCE · Elephantine, Egypt יהה Artifact Elephantine temple petition, TAD A.4.7c. 420–400 BCE · Elephantine, Egypt יהה Artifact 4Q120 / 4QLXXLevbc. 100–1 BCE · Qumran ΙΑΩ Artifact Clement of Alexandria, Stromata V.6c. 190–220 CE · Alexandria / later copied manuscripts Ἰαού Artifact Theodoret, Questions on Exodus 15c. 430–460 CE · Cyrrhus / Byzantine world Ἰαβέ Artifact Exodus 3:14–15 (received Hebrew text)Undated · Textual tradition; historical composition debated יהוה Artifact Psalm 68:5 (received Hebrew text)Undated · Textual tradition; historical composition debated יָהּ Artifact YHWHComplete theonym יהוה Form YHWShort theonym or element יהו Form YHHShort theonym יהה Form YahShort theonym יה Form Yeho-Theophoric element יהו Form Yo-Theophoric element יו Form -yahuTheophoric element יהו Form -yahTheophoric element יה Form -yaw (regional)Theophoric element יו Form Shasu YhwʒGeographic designation Form IaōGreek transcription ΙΑΩ Form IabeGreek transcription Ἰαβέ Form AiaGreek transcription Ἀϊά Form IaouGreek transcription Ἰαού Form IaoueGreek transcription Ἰαουέ Form Yehoshua (Joshua)Yeho- · “YHWH saves” יהושע Name Yehonatan (Jonathan)Yeho- · “YHWH has given” יהונתן Name Yehoshafat (Jehoshaphat)Yeho- · “YHWH has judged” יהושפט Name Yehochanan (Jehohanan)Yeho- · “YHWH is gracious” יהוחנן Name Yehoyaqim (Jehoiakim)Yeho- · “YHWH raises/establishes” יהויקים Name Yehoyakhin (Jehoiachin)Yeho- · “YHWH establishes” יהויכין Name Yehoram (Jehoram)Yeho- · “YHWH is exalted” יהורם Name Yehoiada (Jehoiada)Yeho- · “YHWH knows” יהוידע Name Yonatan (Jonathan)Yo- · “YHWH has given” יונתן Name Yochanan (Johanan)Yo- · “YHWH is gracious” יוחנן Name Yoel (Joel)Yo- · “YHWH is God” יואל Name Yoav (Joab)Yo- · “YHWH is father” יואב Name Yoram (Joram)Yo- · “YHWH is exalted” יורם Name Eliyahu (Elijah)-yahu · “My God is YHWH” אליהו Name Yeshayahu (Isaiah)-yahu · “YHWH is salvation” ישעיהו Name Yirmeyahu (Jeremiah)-yahu · “Meaning uncertain, often YHWH exalts/appoints” ירמיהו Name Zekharyahu (Zechariah)-yahu · “YHWH remembers” זכריהו Name Chizkiyahu (Hezekiah)-yahu · “YHWH strengthens” חזקיהו Name Ovadyahu (Obadiah)-yahu · “Servant of YHWH” עבדיהו Name Uriyahu (Uriah)-yahu · “YHWH is my light” אוריהו Name Tzidkiyahu (Zedekiah)-yahu · “YHWH is righteousness” צדקיהו Name Netanyahu-yahu · “YHWH has given” נתניהו Name Mikhayahu (Micaiah)-yahu · “Who is like YHWH?” מיכיהו Name Gedalyahu (Gedaliah)-yahu · “YHWH is great” גדליהו Name Shemayahu (Shemaiah)-yahu · “YHWH has heard” שמעיהו Name Zekharyah-yah · “YHWH remembers” זכריה Name Chizkiyah-yah · “YHWH strengthens” חזקיה Name Ovadyah-yah · “Servant of YHWH” עבדיה Name Yirmeyah-yah · “Meaning uncertain, often YHWH exalts/appoints” ירמיה Name Yeshayah-yah · “YHWH is salvation” ישעיה Name Aviyah (Abijah)-yah · “YHWH is my father” אביה Name Yoshiyahu (Josiah)-yahu · “YHWH supports/heals (etymology debated)” יאשיהו Name 4Q120 (4QLXXLevb)1st century BCE · Jewish Greek scriptural ΙΑΩ Witness Clement of Alexandria, Stromata V.6ca. 200 CE · Christian patristic Ἰαού Witness Clement of Alexandria, Stromata V.6 editorial variantca. 200 CE · Christian patristic Ἰαουέ Witness Theodoret Questions on Exodus 155th century CE · Samaritan pronunciation as reported by author Ἰαβέ Witness Theodoret Questions on Exodus 155th century CE · Jewish pronunciation as reported by author Ἀϊά Witness IEHOAHProposed form (unattested) Pronunciation YahRelated short form (consonants attested; vowels transmitted) Pronunciation YahowahProposed form (unattested) Pronunciation Yahu / YahoRelated short form (consonants attested; vowels transmitted) Pronunciation YahuwahProposed form (unattested) Pronunciation YahwahProposed form (unattested) Pronunciation YahwehMainstream scholarly reconstruction Pronunciation YahwohScholarly minority reconstruction Pronunciation YawohahProposed form (unattested) Pronunciation YehowahLater historical pronunciation Pronunciation YehwoahProposed form (unattested) Pronunciation The Mesha Stele has YHWH written as a four-letter name by the ninth century BCE.C01 · Orthography Claim Elephantine textual evidence contains independent shortened spellings YHW and YHH.C02 · Orthography Claim Hebrew personal names preserve prefix Yeho-/Yo- and suffix -yahu/-yah traditions.C03 · Linguistic Claim Theodoret reports Iabe for Samaritans and Aia for Jews in the fifth century CE.C04 · Transcription Claim 4Q120 represents the divine name with Greek ΙΑΩ.C05 · Transcription Claim Clement Iaou vs Iaoue requires direct manuscript and critical-edition collation.C06 · Textual criticism Claim Masoretic vowel pointing of YHWH participates in a standing reading convention.C07 · Medieval Claim Yahweh is the dominant modern academic reconstruction of the complete YHWH name.C08 · Reconstruction Claim Yahwoh is explicitly entertained by an academic epigraphist citing Caquot.C09 · Reconstruction Claim Egyptian Shasu Yhw is a place/people designation whose connection to Israelite YHWH remains disputed.C10 · Identification Claim Exodus 3:14–15 explicitly connects ehyeh and YHWH in its theological narrative.C11 · Semantics Claim Historical Hebrew waw is generally reconstructed with /w/, whereas modern vav often has /v/.C12 · Phonology Claim Theophoric name suffixes show meaningful diachronic distribution of -yahu vs -yah.C13 · Name history Claim No candidate full-name pronunciation is directly secured by Iron Age Hebrew consonantal inscriptions.C14 · Method Claim Both YHW-from-YHWH and YHWH-from-YHW origin scenarios have been considered.C15 · Hypothesis Claim Ketef Hinnom amulets preserve early divine-name use in Judahite blessings.C16 · Manuscript Claim Glosses of theophoric names are semantic interpretations, sometimes debated, not phonetic records.C17 · Name meanings Claim Mesha Stele (AO 5066)Musée du Louvre · n.d. Source Yahweh before Israel: Glimpses of History in a Divine NameDaniel E. Fleming · 2020 Source Yhwʒ of Shasu-LandDaniel E. Fleming · 2020 Source Pap. Berlin P. 13461A–P. 13448–15 (TAD D.4.9)Texts & Scripts from Elephantine · n.d. Source Elephantine Pap. Berlin P. 13495 (TAD A.4.7)Texts & Scripts from Elephantine · n.d. Source Elephantine Pap. Berlin P. 13488A+B (TAD C.3.15)Texts & Scripts from Elephantine · n.d. Source Religion at Kuntillet ʿAjrudScholarly journal contributors · 2019 Source Leviticus (T&T Clark Companion to the Septuagint)Scholarly contributor · 2015 Source The Use of the Earliest Greek Scripture Fragments in Text EditionsEmanuel Tov · 2020 Source Theodoret, Questions on Exodus 15Theodoret of Cyrus · c. 453 CE Source Making Sense of the Divine Name in the Book of ExodusAustin Surls · 2017 Source Codex Laurentianus, Clement reading Iaou vs editorial Iaoueb-hebrew discussion (not peer reviewed) · 2006/2010 Source Hebrew grammar: qere/ketiv, including tetragrammatonHebrew grammar sample · 2010 Source Yahweh and the Samaritan pronunciation of the tetragrammatonNehemia Gordon · 2024 Source Personal Names in Judah in the Iron Age IIYigal Levin et al. / journal article · 2017 Source On the Emergence of the Short Form -יה in Hebrew NamesScholarly contributor · 2021 Source Judahite Hebrew Epigraphy and CultAndré Lemaire · 2024 Source Ancient Hebrew Inscriptions: Corpus and ConcordanceG. I. Davies · 1991 Source Yahweh’s Blessing at Ketef HinnomScholarly contributor · 2015 Source Exodus 3:14–15 in Hebrew and translationSefaria / Revised JPS · 2023 Source Psalm 68:5 with Hebrew YahSefaria / Revised JPS · 2023 Source The Tetragrammaton in Egyptian Sources: Facts and FictionAcademic contributor · 2017 Source Tetragrammaton: Western Christians and the Hebrew Name of GodRobert J. Wilkinson · 2015 Source A Holy Warrior at Kuntillet Ajrud? KA Plaster Inscription 4.2Academic epigraphic paper · 2022 Source Mesha stele historical identification in Fleming introductionDaniel E. Fleming · 2020 Source Yahwoh as possible original vocalization (reviewed epigraphy)André Lemaire · 2024 Source Diversity in Classical Biblical Hebrew (onomastic chapter)Cambridge University Press contributor · 2024 Source
No records match. Try a transliteration, or clear the tier filters.