Textual witnesses
Where someone wrote the vowels down
Greek letters record vowels where Hebrew consonantal spelling did not. These witnesses are central, and each comes with a caveat about its manuscript, date or reporting.
4Q120 (4QLXXLevb)
Greek substitution for YHWH in Leviticus manuscript.
⚠ May represent short name; actual read-out cannot be proven.
Clement of Alexandria, Stromata V.6
Reported main manuscript reading.
⚠ Secondary transmission report; exact Greek manuscript to be checked.
Clement of Alexandria, Stromata V.6 editorial variant
Often cited as Clement wording.
⚠ Not safe to treat as original without collation of editions and manuscripts.
Theodoret Questions on Exodus 15
Theodoret says Samaritans pronounce the name Iabe.
⚠ Historical Samaritan practice debated; Greek beta does not simply encode ancient Hebrew waw.
Theodoret Questions on Exodus 15
Theodoret contrasts the Jewish form Aia with the Samaritan Iabe.
⚠ Commonly explained as ehyeh (Exod 3:14) and as reflecting avoidance of the name, not as a pronunciation of YHWH.